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The term database is used in many different ways, but for our purposes a database is a collection of data stored in some organized fashion. The simplest way to think of it is to imagine a database as a filing cabinet. The filing cabinet is simply a physical location to store data, regardless of what that data is or how it is organized.
Understanding-SQL.html
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It is the database software (DBMS or Database Management System) that actually does all the work of storing, retrieving, managing, and manipulating data. MySQL is a DBMS; that is, it is database software.
MySQL has been around for a long time, and is now installed and in use at millions of installations worldwide.
Introducing-MySQL.html
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To start using MySQL and to follow along with the tutorials, you will need access to a MySQL server and copies of client applications (software used to access the server).
Getting-Started-with-MySQL.html
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Writing SQL statements requires a good understanding of the underlying database design. Without knowing what information is stored in what table, how tables are related to each other, and the actual breakup of data within a row, it is impossible to write effective SQL.
The-Example-Tables.html
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To help you find the syntax you need when you need it, this appendix lists the syntax for the most frequently used MySQL operations. Each statement starts with a brief description and then displays the appropriate syntax. For added convenience, you'll also find cross-references to the tutorials where specific statements are taught.
MySQL-Statement-Syntax.html
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This appendix explains the different datatypes used in MySQL.
Datatypes are basically rules that define what data may be stored in a column and how that data is actually stored.
MySQL-Data-types.html
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MySQL is made up of keywordsspecial words used in performing SQL operations. Do not use these keywords when naming databases, tables, columns, and any other database objects. These keywords are considered reserved.
MySQL-Reserved-Words.html
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MySQL, like all client-server DBMSs, requires that you log in to the DBMS before being able to issue commands. Login names might not be the same as your network login name (assuming that you are using a network); MySQL maintains its own list of users internally, and associates rights with each.
Working-with-MySQL.html
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SQL statements are made up of plain English terms. These terms are called keywords, and every SQL statement is made up of one or more keywords. The SQL statement you'll probably use most frequently is the SELECT statement. Its purpose is to retrieve information from one or more tables.
Retrieving-Data.html
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Actually, the retrieved data is not displayed in a mere random order. If unsorted, data is typically displayed in the order in which it appears in the underlying tables. This could be the order in which the data was added to the tables initially.
Sorting-Retrieved-Data.html
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Database tables usually contain large amounts of data, and you seldom need to retrieve all the rows in a table. More often than not, you'll want to extract a subset of the table's data as needed for specific operations or reports. Retrieving just the data you want involves specifying search criteria, also known as a filter condition.
Filtering-Data.html
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For a greater degree of filter control, MySQL allows you to specify multiple WHERE clauses. These clauses may be used in two ways: as AND clauses or as OR clauses. Operator: A special keyword used to join or change clauses within a WHERE clause. Also known as logical operators.
Advanced-Data-Filtering.html
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Be it matching one or more values, testing for greater-than or less-than known values, or checking a range of values, the common denominator is that the values used in the filtering are known. But filtering data that way does not always work. For example, how could you search for all products that contained the text anvil within the product name? That cannot be done with simple...
Using-Wildcard-Filtering.html
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Regular expressions are special strings (sets of characters) that are used to match text. If you needed to extract phone numbers from a text file, you might use a regular expression. If you needed to locate all files with digits in the middle of their names, you might use a regular expression.
Searching-Using-Regular-Expressions.html
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Data stored within a database's tables is often not available in the exact format needed by your applications. Here are some examples:
You need to display a field containing the name of a company along with the company's location, but that information is stored in separated table columns...
Creating-Calculated-Fields.html
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Functions Are Less Portable Than SQL Code that runs on multiple systems is said to be portable. Most SQL statements are relatively portable, and when differences between SQL implementations do occur they are usually not that difficult to deal with.
Using-Data-Manipulation-Functions.html
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SQL aggregate functions can be used to summarize data. This enables you to count rows, calculate sums and averages, and obtain high and low values without having to retrieve all the data.
Grouping-Data.html
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SQL also enables you to create sub-queries: queries that are embedded into other queries. Version Requirements Support for sub-queries was introduced in MySQL 4.1. To use the SQL described in this tutorial, you must be running MySQL 4.1 or later.
Working-with-Sub-queries.html
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One of SQL's most powerful features is the capability to join tables on-the-fly within data retrieval queries. Joins are one of the most important operations you can perform using SQL SELECT, and a good understanding of joins and join syntax is an extremely important part of learning SQL.
Joining-Tables.html
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Additional join types, what they are and how to use them. Students will also be trained how to use table aliases and how to use aggregate functions with joined tables.
Creating-Advanced-Joins.html
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Most SQL queries contain a single SELECT statement that returns data from one or more tables. MySQL also enables you to perform multiple queries (multiple SELECT statements) and return the results as a single query result set. These combined queries are usually known as unions or compound queries.
Combining-Queries.html
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MySQL supports the use of several underlying database engines. Not all engines support full-text searching as is described in this tutorial. The two most commonly used engines are MyISAM and InnoDB former supports full-text searching and the latter does not.
Full-Text-Searching.html
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As its name suggests, INSERT is used to insert (add) rows to a database table. INSERT can be used in several ways:
To insert a single complete row
Inserting-Data.html
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To update (modify) data in a table the UPDATE statement is used. UPDATE can be used in two ways: To update specific rows in a table , To update all rows in a table
Updating-and-Deleting-Data.html
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MySQL statements are not used just for table data manipulation. Indeed, MySQL can be used to perform all database and table operations, including the creation and manipulation of tables themselves.
Creating-and-Manipulating-Tables.html
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Requires MySQL 5 Support for views was added to MySQL 5. As such, this tutorial is applicable to MySQL 5 or later only.
Views are virtual tables. Unlike tables that contain data, views simply contain queries that dynamically retrieve data when used.
Using-Views.html
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Requires MySQL 5. Support for stored procedures was added to MySQL 5. As such, this tutorial is applicable to MySQL 5 or later only.
Most of the SQL statements that we've used thus far are simple in that they use a single statement against one or more tables. Not all operations are that simple often, multiple statements
Working-with-Stored-Procedure.html
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Requires MySQL 5 Support for cursors was added to MySQL 5. As such, this tutorial is applicable to MySQL 5 or later only.
MySQL retrieval operations work with sets of rows known as result sets. The rows returned are all the rows that match a SQL statement zero or more of them. Using simple SELECT statements,
Using-Cursors.html
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What triggers are, why and how they are used. Learner will also look at the Requires MySQL 5 Support for triggers was added to MySQL 5. As such, this tutorial is applicable to MySQL 5 or later only.
MySQL statements are executed when needed, as are stored procedures.
Using-Triggers.html
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MySQL supports the use of several underlying database engines. Not all engines support explicit management of transaction processing, as will be explained in this tutorial. The two most commonly used engines are MyISAM and InnoDB.
Managing-Transaction-Processing.html
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Database tables are used to store and retrieve data. Different languages and character sets need to be stored and retrieved differently. As such, MySQL needs to accommodate different character sets (different alphabets and characters) as well as different ways to sort and retrieve data.
Globalization-and-Localization.html
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The basis of security for your MySQL server is this: Users should have appropriate access to the data they need, no more and no less. In other words, users should not have too much access to too much data
Managing-Security.html
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Use the command line MySQL dump utility to dump all database contents to an external file. This utility should ideally be run before regular backups occur so the dumped file will be backed up properly.
Database-Maintenance.html
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Database administrators spend a significant portion of their lives tweaking and experimenting to improve DBMS performance. Poorly performing databases (and database queries, for that matter) tend to be the most frequent culprits when diagnosing application sluggishness and performance problems.
Improving-Performance.html